Online Texts: David Hume, The Natural History of Religion

Hume’s The Natural History of Religion was first published in 1757. It was among the first attempts to account for the origins of theism in naturalistic terms. It can therefore be seen as a response to the argument that the sophistication of monotheism is such that it must have been handed down to men by God; Hume disputes this, giving a psychological explanation of the rise of refined monotheism, in just the same way as modern Darwinists give naturalistic explanations of the apparent teleology in nature that theists say can only be explained with reference to God.

Introduction

I - That Polytheism was the Primary Religion of Men

II - Origins of Polytheism

III - The Same Subject Continued

IV - Deities not Considered as Creators or Formers of the World

V - Various Forms of Polytheism: Allegory, Hero-Worship

VI - Origin of Theism from Polytheism

VII - Confirmation of this Doctrine

VIII - Flux and Reflux of Polytheism and Theism

IX - Comparison of these Religions, With Regard to Persecution and Toleration

X - With Regard to Courage or Abasement

XI - With Regard to Reason or Absurdity

XII - With Regard to Doubt or Conviction

XIII - Impious Conceptions of the Divine Nature in Popular Religions of Both Kinds

XIV - Bad Influence of Popular Religions on Morality

XV - General Corollary